It is a set of instructions programmed that is permanently etched into a hardware device like video cards, BIOS, keyboards, or hard drives. Without using special programs, it cannot be modifying or deleted by an end-user, unlike normal software. But firmware is typically stored in the flash ROM, which is actually a kind of flash memory and allows users to erase and rewrite information. Firmware is a type of software that is embedded into hardware devices to control their functionality.
For example, your router may work properly for a time if you have an older router. But it could eventually become a mess or unstable when your manufacturer formally stops supporting it. As its name suggests, firmware is somewhere between hardware and software, connecting the two worlds.
It is designed to be command line driven, so you could easily write scripts to automate. If you purchased either the dropController or the dropController kit then the Arduino is an “Duemilanove/Nano (ATmega328);m328p; stk500;57600;”. The main difference between firmware and software is their intended purpose and how they are designed to be used.
It is possible to flash firmware without a bootloader by using an external programmer that writes the firmware to the ICSP of your motherboard. This ICSP is present in most boards, so using this workaround is fairly simple. However, having a bootloader is recommended for the vast majority of 3D print makers as it can help manage other print quality and safety considerations, such as heating control.
Additionally, it would be great if you’re aware of your 3D printer’s specifications. These will come in handy while configuring the Klipper firmware. RepRap, Marlin, and Klipper are all very popular choices when it comes to choosing a firmware for your 3D printer.